Body packing: tráfico de drogas y cirugía. Reporte de un caso / Body packing: drug traffic and surgery. Case report

Resumen Objetivo: Exponer el caso de un paciente con intoxicación aguda por cocaína en contexto de un body packing syndrome, considerando sus aspectos médico-quirúrgicos y legales. Materiales y Método: Se obtuvo la ficha clínica, con resguardo de anonimato, de un paciente que acude al servicio de urgencia (SU) y que es intervenido y evolucionando posteriormente en el Hospital el Pino de San Bernardo, Chile. Resultados: Paciente fue sometido a una gastrotomía, una enterotomía y una colotomía después de haber sido estabilizado por paro cardiorrespiratorio presentado en SU. Es trasladado a unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) donde evoluciona desfavorablemente. Discusión: El body packing syndrome es una entidad clínica infrecuente que, en la minoría de los casos, puede presentar complicaciones severas que requieren de un tratamiento médico-quirúrgico inmediato. Conclusión: Considerando que tanto el consumo como el tráfico de drogas se mantienen como un importante problema de salud pública y que sus consecuencias pueden ser devastadoras, es importante tener conocimiento sobre el tema.

Aim: To present the case of a patient with acute cocaine intoxication in the context of body packing syndrome, taking into consideration its medical-surgical and legal aspects. Materials and Method: A clinical record with anonymity protection was obtained, from a patient who was admitted to the emergency room and who was subsequently operated on and managed at Hospital El Pino in San Bernardo, Chile. Results: Patient underwent a gastrotomy, an enterotomy and a colotomy after being stabilized from a cardiorespiratory arrest in the emergency room. He was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) where he evolved unfavorably. Discussion: Body packing is an infrequent clinical entity that, in a few cases, may develop severe complications that require immediate medical-surgical treatment, in addition to notification to authorities. Conclusion: Considering that both drug use and traffick remain as an important public health concern and that as its consequences may be devastating, it is important to have a knowledge on the subject.

Análise dos óbitos decorrentes de intoxicação ocorridos no Brasil de 2010 a 2015 com base no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) / Analysis of deaths by intoxication that occurred in Brazil from 2010 to 2015 based on the Mortality Information System (SIM)

Resumo Muitos estudos analisam o perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos causados por um único agente tóxico. No entanto, análises mais amplas da mortalidade podem ser obtidas avaliando múltiplos agentes em um mesmo período de tempo. Com esse objetivo, foi realizado um estudo descritivo retrospectivo dos óbitos decorrentes de intoxicações ocorridos de 2010 a 2015 no Brasil, registrados pelo SIM. Os óbitos foram selecionados de acordo com os códigos da CID-10 relacionados a intoxicações. Foram registrados pelo SIM, no período do estudo, 18.247 óbitos decorrentes de intoxicação, resultando em crescimento de 3% no coeficiente de mortalidade. Os agentes que mais causaram óbitos foram os agrotóxicos (24%) seguidos dos medicamentos (23%) e das drogas de abuso (22%). Com exceção dos medicamentos, em que a participação do sexo feminino foi de 52%, verificou-se maior concentração do sexo masculino para todos os agentes e na maioria das faixas etárias. Somente para os medicamentos e agrotóxicos, o suicídio foi a principal circunstância dos óbitos. Os resultados apresentados foram capazes de delinear um perfil de mortalidade para cada um dos principais agentes tóxicos estudados.

Abstract Many studies analyze the epidemiological profile of deaths caused by a single toxic agent. However, broader mortality analyses can be obtained by evaluating multiple agents over the same period of time. For this purpose, a retrospective descriptive study was carried out of the deaths by intoxication registered in the Mortality Information System that occurred in Brazil from 2010 to 2015. Deaths were selected according to ICD-10 codes related to intoxication. There were 18,247 deaths and an increase of 3% of rates of mortality by intoxication during the period. The agents that caused the most deaths were pesticides (24%) followed by medication (23%) and street drugs (22%). With the exception of medication, where the female participation was 52%, there was a higher concentration of males for all agents and in most of the age groups. Only in the case of medication and pesticides was suicide the main circumstance of deaths. The results presented made it possible to define a mortality profile for each of the major toxic agents studied.

Epidemiología de las intoxicaciones agudas por drogas de abuso en las urgencias de un hospital del Centro de España basada en datos de análisis toxicológico de orina / Epidemiology of acute poisonings for drugs of abuse in the emergency room of a hospital from the Center of Spain based on analysis data toxicological urine

Introducción: las intoxicaciones agudas son motivo de consulta cada vez más frecuente en los Servicios de Urgencia hospitalarios (SUH) debido a la mayor disponibilidad y acceso a productos químicos tóxicos. Se observan diferentes patrones en cada área sanitaria según el tipo de población, geografía y perfil epidemiológico de consumo. Material y métodos: el objetivo de nuestro estudio es realizar un perfil epidemiológico y describir el manejo del paciente que acude por clínica compatible con intoxicación aguda por drogas de abuso (IA) basado en la determinación de tóxicos en orina para seis sustancias (cannabis, opiáceos, cocaína, anfetaminas, benzodiazepinas y éxtasis) solicitados en el período de estudio 2010-2012. Resultados: se solicitaron 2755 peticiones, de las cuales fueron positivas 1429, y se estudiaron al azar 661 historias clínicas. El perfil de paciente intoxicado de nuestra área es el de varón de entre 30 y 40 años, consumidor preferentemente de cannabis y cocaína; las benzodiazepinas son el tóxico más frecuente en las mujeres, con clínica mayoritariamente neurológica, sin diferencias en cuanto a la franja horaria o el mes del año en que recibió el alta desde el propio SUH en casi el 60% de los casos. Discusión: las IA en los SUH representan casi el 1% de las consultas y tienen una escasa mortalidad. En algunos casos, el médico de urgencias comienza el tratamiento antes de conocer el resultado toxicológico, lo que nos hace plantearnos la utilidad real y el coste-efectividad de estas determinaciones en todos los pacientes con alteración del nivel de conciencia. (AU)

Introduction: acute intoxications are a rising and common query demand on the emergency rooms because of the easy access and disponibility to toxic substances, where we can observe different patterns attending to type of population, geography and epidemiologic consume profile. Material and methods: our objective is to analyze the epidemiology and patient handling coming to the Emergency Room (ER) with compatible symptoms of street drugs abuse, based on the determination of cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, benzodiazepine, opiates and ectasy urine levels in the period 2010-2012. Results: the ER requested 2755 determinations being positive 1429 and randomly examined 661 clinical histories. The profile of intoxicated patient was male, 30 to 40 years old, preferently cannabis and cocaine consumer (benzodiazepine in women), mostly with neurological symptoms when arrive, without differences between months or day time and, almost 60% of them, discharged directly from the ER. Conclusions: acute intoxications barely represent 1% of ER demands and produce poor or scarce mortality. Sometimes, doctors in charge start with therapeutic measures before knowing the results of toxicology, what leads us to ask about actual usefulness and cost-efficiency of the toxicology assay to every patient with low conscious level. (AU)

Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium--a clinical condition of multispeciality interest.

Pneumomediastinum with its usual associations like pneumopericardium has been described in detail including review of literature, aetiopathogenesis, symptoms and signs, complications, necessary investigations and management protocol by the authors in this article of multispeciality interest.